Sea Freight from China
Ocean freight, which refers to the transport of goods by sea, is one of the most cost-effective ways to move goods around the world, and it is particularly suitable for shipping large quantities of goods from China, the world’s leading manufacturing center.
Ocean freight can be divided into two main categories:
Full container load (FCL) refers to shipping an entire container, while less than container load (LCL) involves sharing a container with other shippers.
Less than container load (LCL) is a method of shipping that allows customers to ship less goods than a full container load (FCL) at a lower cost. This method of shipping is becoming increasingly popular as businesses look for ways to save on shipping costs and improve efficiency.
Table of Contents
Guide to Ocean Freight from China
Making an informed decision for your ocean shipment is a key factor in successful international shipping. Whether you are an experienced importer/exporter or a novice in the world of global trade, navigating the complexities of ocean shipping requires careful consideration of various factors. Here is a guide to making an informed decision for your ocean shipment:
Port of Departure Selection: Understand the importance of choosing the right China port of departure. Evaluate various factors such as distance from the departure point, port infrastructure and efficiency, shipping routes, customs and regulatory compliance, port capacity, and accessibility to transportation networks.
Online Ocean Shipping Tracking: Familiarize yourself with the online ocean shipping tracking process. Utilize the tools provided by shipping lines to track your shipment in real-time. This improves visibility and allows you to monitor the status and location of your shipment throughout the shipping process.
Factors Affecting Shipping Costs: Stay informed about external factors that affect shipping costs. Consider events such as festivals, peak seasons, and fluctuations in market demand. Plan shipments in advance, especially during critical periods such as the Chinese New Year, to avoid lengthy delays.
Understand Shipping Times: Get a clear understanding of shipping times based on estimated time of departure (ETD) and estimated time of arrival (ETA). Understand the approximate shipping times for different regions and plan your shipments accordingly.
Full Container Load vs. Less Than Container Load: Evaluate the benefits of full container load (FCL) and less than container load (LCL). FCL is fast and secure for larger shipments, while LCL is cost-effective for smaller shipments. Choose the option that meets your specific volume and timing requirements.
Carton, Pallet, and Container Optimization: Optimize the loading process for full container loads by strategically packing cartons on pallets and maximizing container space. For LCL shipments, coordinate with suppliers to efficiently pack and consolidate multiple shipments into a shared container.
Documentation and Compliance: Ensure all documentation is complete, accurate, and compliant with international regulations. Proper documentation is critical for a smooth customs clearance process and timely delivery.
Network and Partnerships: Consider the strength of the freight forwarding network and partnerships. A well-established global network and partnerships with reputable ocean carriers ensure reliable space allocations, competitive tariffs, and optimal routing.
Risk Management: Implement an effective risk management strategy. Stay informed of global economic conditions, geopolitical events, and regulatory changes that can impact shipping costs and timelines. Be proactive in responding to potential disruptions.
Intermodal Door-to-Door Services:
Explore the benefits of intermodal door-to-door services. Choose a freight forwarder that offers end-to-end solutions, including coordinated pickup and delivery, shipping insurance, packing and unpacking capabilities, and specialized services for different cargo types.
Why choose ocean freight from China
Cost-effectiveness
Sea freight from China is highly cost-effective. Compared to air freight, sea freight is competitive and ideal for businesses looking to reduce shipping costs. For example, shipping a 40-foot container from China to the United States is 75% cheaper than air freight.
Bulk cargo shipping capabilities
China’s sea freight is able to handle bulk cargo efficiently. With large-capacity cargo ships, bulk cargo can be shipped without incurring a large cost. This is particularly beneficial for industries such as manufacturing and retail that often transport large quantities of goods.
Accessibility to major ports
China has the most convenient ports in the world. Ports such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Ningbo-Zhoushan are equipped with advanced infrastructure and technology to ensure the smooth movement of goods and reduce delays. These ports are strategically located to connect global routes and improve trade efficiency.
China’s role in global trade
Major export commodities
China is a global export powerhouse, producing a variety of goods from electronics and machinery to textiles and furniture. In 2023, China’s exports reached $5.94 trillion, highlighting its key role in the global economy.
Major ports and their significance
China’s major ports, such as the Port of Shanghai (the world’s busiest container port), play a vital role in global trade. These ports handle millions of TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) each year, facilitating the efficient flow of goods around the world. The strategic significance of these ports ensures that businesses can rely on timely and efficient shipping services.
Major shipping ports in China
Chinese ports are among the most important in the world, with eight of the world’s top 17 ports located in China. This number rises to 10 if Taiwan and Hong Kong are included. These ports include major hubs such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Ningbo and Qingdao, which play a vital role in facilitating the flow of goods across the sea.
Port of Shanghai:
Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, it plays an important role in China’s trade and maritime activities. With a throughput of 43.3 million TEUs in 2019, it is the largest and busiest port in the world.
Major trading partners and strategic importance: The Port of Shanghai has close trade relations with countries around the world, including the United States, Europe, Australia, and Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Djibouti, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Tanzania, South Africa, Tunisia). It is strategically located and serves as a gateway to mainland China and the Pacific Ocean. Business Background: If you are planning to make a big push into the Asian market, especially China and the Pacific, the Port of Shanghai could become an integral part of your shipping strategy with its large shipping capacity, continuous activity and strong global network.
Ningbo Zhoushan Port:
Located on the coast of the East China Sea in Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Zhoushan is an important part of China’s “One Belt, One Road” strategy. In 2019, the port handled more than 27 million TEUs.
Major Trading Partners and Strategic Importance: The port mainly serves the United States, the European Union, Middle Eastern countries (Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen) and Australia. It is also home to China’s largest oil transportation base and is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Business Background: If your business involves commodities such as crude oil, iron ore, coal, or trades with the US, EU or Australian markets, the Port of Ningbo Zhoushan could become a favorable point on your trade route with its extensive shipping capabilities.
Shenzhen Port:
Shenzhen Port is located in Guangdong Province, a region known for its vibrant economic activity. In 2019, shipping volume exceeded 25 million TEUs.
Major Trading Partners and Strategic Importance: The port has a strategic trading position, with major markets in Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Sweden, Finland, Romania), the United States, and East Asia. Business Background: If you want to enter the East Asian market, you will find that Shenzhen Port’s vibrant economic environment and large shipping capacity make it an important consideration in your transportation plan.
Guangzhou Port:
Guangzhou Port is located in the Pearl River Delta and is known for its comprehensive port services. In 2019, its throughput exceeded 23 million TEUs.
Major Trading Partners and Strategic Importance: The port has established extensive trade relations with approximately 500 ports in more than 170 countries and regions.
Business Background: If your business provides transportation of a variety of goods, you will find Guangzhou Port’s extensive port services a valuable asset to your logistics strategy.
Qingdao Port:
Qingdao Port is located in Shandong Province, an important economic zone in China. In 2019, the company handled more than 21 million TEUs.
Major trading partners and strategic importance: Qingdao Port mainly trades with Pacific Rim countries, especially those related to grain trade.
Business background: If you are looking to strengthen trans-Pacific routes, the port’s extensive network and grain handling capabilities may be beneficial to your business.
Tianjin Port:
Tianjin Port is located in Tianjin, northern China, and its seaborne volume exceeded 16 million TEUs in 2019, providing convenience for international trade.
Major trading partners and strategic importance: It is Beijing’s main maritime gateway, connecting China with other Asian countries, Europe and the Americas (United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, Argentina).
Company background: If your business scope involves the Beijing market, or your goods meet the needs of North China, using Tianjin Port’s role as a logistics hub can greatly support your logistics strategy.
What are the types of sea freight from China?
FCL (Full Container Load)
FCL, or Full Container Load, refers to filling an entire container with goods. This method is ideal for businesses with large volumes of goods. Advantages include lower unit costs, lower risk of damage, and faster shipping times. For example, an electronics company shipping 1,000 laptops will find FCL more cost-effective and safer than other methods.
LCL (Less Than Container Load)
LCL, or “less than container load”, is ideal for goods that don’t fill a single container. The service allows multiple shippers to share container space, making it cost-effective for smaller shipments. Advantages include lower upfront costs and flexibility. For example, a small business exporting 50 cartons of clothing can save money by choosing LCL over FCL.
How to Choose FCL and LCL, What is the Differences
RORO (Roll-On Roll-Off)
RORO, or Roll-Off Roll-Off, is used to transport vehicles and large machinery. The goods are brought aboard and secured for transport. This method works well for cars, trucks, and heavy equipment. Advantages include ease of loading and unloading and cost-effectiveness. A construction company exporting bulldozers will benefit from using RORO because of the simple loading process.
Bulk Shipping
Bulk shipping is suitable for transporting large quantities of unpackaged goods, such as grain, coal and ore. This method uses specialized vessels to transport bulk cargo. Its advantages include large capacity and cost efficiency for bulk transportation. For example, an agricultural exporter transporting 50,000 tons of wheat would use bulk shipping to take advantage of its capacity and lower cost per ton.
Considerations for FCL Sea Freight
Full Container Load (FCL) freight shipping is a strategic choice for businesses looking to transport large quantities of goods across international borders. FCL involves renting an entire shipping container exclusively for your cargo, providing several advantages in terms of efficiency, security, and cost-effectiveness. In this section, we’ll explore key considerations for businesses opting for FCL freight shipping:
- Container Size Options and Maximum Loads FCL shipments typically involve two standard container sizes: 20 feet (20ft) and 40 feet (40ft). Understanding the dimensions and load capacities of these containers is crucial for optimizing cargo space and ensuring cost-effective shipping. While a 20ft container has an internal capacity of 28 cubic meters, a 40ft container is twice the volume, accommodating up to 68 cubic meters. Importantly, both container sizes have the same maximum load weight.
- Weight Limitations It’s essential to be aware of weight limitations imposed by the ports and shipping lines. In China, both 20ft and 40ft containers can typically carry no more than 27 and 28 tons, respectively.
- Advantages of FCL: Speed and Security FCL shipping offers expedited transit times as there is no need for consolidation or deconsolidation of cargo. This results in faster loading and unloading processes, reducing the overall shipping duration. Additionally, FCL shipments remain sealed throughout the journey, providing enhanced security and minimizing the risk of tampering.
- Cost-Effectiveness for Large Shipments FCL is often more cost-effective for businesses with substantial cargo volumes. The per-unit shipping cost tends to decrease as the volume of cargo increases, making FCL a viable option for economies of scale.
- Container Sealing and Security FCL shipments are sealed at the point of origin, and unless selected for inspection by customs officials, the container remains sealed until it reaches the final destination. This ensures the integrity and security of the cargo throughout the shipping process.
- Planning and Coordination Efficient planning and coordination are essential for FCL shipments. Businesses must align production schedules, inventory management, and transportation logistics to optimize the use of the entire container space and minimize costs.
- Container Loading Optimization Maximizing the use of container space is crucial for cost-effective FCL shipping. Properly packing, stacking, and securing cargo within the container ensures efficient use of space and minimizes the risk of damage during transit.
- Documentation Compliance FCL shipping requires specific documentation, including a bill of lading, packing list, and commercial invoice. Ensuring accurate and complete documentation is vital to prevent delays and facilitate smooth customs clearance at both the departure and arrival ports.
How many pallets and cartons are there in a 20ft container & 40ft container
How many pallets and boxes can a 20ft container hold?
When loading a standard 20ft (20ft) container, most customers are able to fit 10 pallets on average.
If pallets are stacked two layers, up to 20 pallets can fit into a 20ft container.
Since a regular pallet holds approximately 60 boxes, a 20ft container can hold approximately 600-1200 boxes depending on whether the pallets are stacked or not.
How many pallets and boxes can a 40ft container hold?
When loading a standard 40ft (40ft) container, most customers are able to fit 20 pallets on average in a single layer.
If pallets are stacked two layers, a 2ft container can hold up to 40 pallets.
Since a regular pallet holds approximately 60 boxes, a 40ft container can hold 1200-2400 boxes depending on whether the pallets are stacked or not.
LCL Ocean Freight: An Efficient Solution
Ocean freight LCL (LCL) offers an efficient and economical solution for businesses that have smaller shipments and do not require a full container. LCL shipments allow multiple shipments from different businesses to be consolidated into a single container, offering several advantages.
Cost-effectiveness for small shipments:
LCL shipping is particularly cost-effective for businesses with smaller shipments. Instead of paying for the entire container, businesses pay for the space that the shipments take up within a shared container. This cost-sharing model makes LCL shipping an economical option for small shipments.
Consolidation and efficiency:
Consolidating multiple shipments: LCL refers to the consolidation of shipments from multiple businesses into a single container. This consolidation optimizes container space, making it a more environmentally friendly and efficient mode of transportation.
Warehousing and packing/unpacking services:
Warehousing and packing services: LCL shipments often involve warehousing services, where the shipments are stored until there is enough to fill a container. This is very beneficial for businesses that are unable to store large volumes of shipments.
Packing/unpacking assistance: LCL suppliers often offer packing and unpacking services to simplify the process for businesses. Professional packing ensures that the shipments are safely loaded and unloaded, minimizing the risk of damage during transportation.
Flexible Shipping Schedule: LCL offers flexible shipping schedules, allowing businesses to send smaller shipments as needed without waiting to fill a full container. This flexibility supports just-in-time inventory management strategies.
Calculated by Volume or Weight: LCL shipping charges are typically calculated based on the volume or weight of the shipment, whichever is greater. This ensures fair pricing and allows businesses to budget for shipments more accurately.
Recommended Volume Between 1-15 Cubic Meters: LCL is typically for shipments between 1 and 15 cubic meters. But this can vary depending on the port of departure. Businesses should contact their LCL service provider for specific information based on their needs.
Ocean LCL Shipping Process:
Competitive Ocean Freight Prices: LCL providers offer competitive ocean freight prices, making it an attractive option for businesses seeking cost-effective global shipping solutions.
Integrated Services: LCL shipping includes consolidation, warehousing, packing/unpacking, and documentation services. This integrated approach simplifies the shipping process for businesses.
Cost of Ocean Shipping from China
- Freight
Freight is the main component of ocean freight costs. These rates depend on the size of the container (20 feet or 40 feet) and the distance between the port of origin and the port of destination, and they vary from country to country. For example, shipping a 20-foot container from Shenzhen to Los Angeles can cost between $2,200 and $4,200 to ship to the United States. - Duties and taxes
Duties and taxes are levied by the destination country. These charges vary depending on the type of goods and their declared value. For example, importing electronics to the United States is subject to a tariff of about 5-10% of the value of the goods. - Insurance
Insurance protects your goods from loss or damage during transportation. Insurance costs are usually around 0.3% to 0.5% of the value of the goods. For high-value items such as electronics or machinery, investing in insurance is essential to reduce risk. - Handling and logistics costs
Handling and logistics costs include the costs of loading, unloading and transporting goods within the port. These charges range from $150 to $350 per container and include services such as terminal handling and documentation fees.
Time of sea freight from China to destination country
- Shipping Time from China to North America
The average shipping time from China to the United States by sea varies depending on the specific port. Shipping to the West Coast (such as Los Angeles or Seattle) usually takes 25 to 35 days. To the East Coast (such as New York), it can take 30 to 45 days due to the longer distance and more complicated shipping routes. - Shipping Time from China to the Middle East
The shipping time from China to the Middle East varies greatly depending on the distance and route. For example, shipping to Dubai, UAE takes about 22 to 28 days, and shipping to Saudi Arabia takes 25 to 30 days. - Shipping Time from China to Europe
The shipping time from China to Europe is usually 30 to 50 days. Major European ports such as Rotterdam or Hamburg often receive cargo from China. The route through the Suez Canal is the most direct and quickest, but delays in the canal can affect shipping times. - Shipping Time from China to Africa
The shipping time from China to Africa varies greatly depending on the distance and route. Shipping to ports in Nigeria, West Africa, takes 30 to 45 days. These times may be affected by the transportation route chosen and any required stops along the way.
| Destination Region | Average Transit Time | Key Factors Impacting Time |
|---|---|---|
| North America (West Coast) | 22 to 30 days | Distance, port congestion, customs clearance |
| North America (East Coast) | 30 to 45 days | Longer distance, complex routes |
| Europe | 30 to 50 days | Route through Suez Canal, potential delays |
| Middle East | 20 to 30 days | Direct routes, efficient ports |
| Africa | 30 to 40 days | Long distances, multiple stops, port efficiency |
Documents Needed for Ocean Freight
- Bill of Lading
A bill of lading (B/L) is an important document in ocean shipping. It is a receipt for the shipped goods, a contract between the shipper and the carrier, and a document of title. The document details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods. It is essential for customs clearance and must be completed accurately to avoid delays. - Commercial Invoice
A commercial invoice is an important document that provides details of the goods being shipped. It includes information on the seller and buyer, description of the goods, quantity, price, payment terms, and shipping details. Customs authorities use this invoice to determine the duties and taxes payable, so accuracy is essential. - Packing List
A packing list is a detailed list of the contents of the shipment. It includes the number of packages, dimensions, weight, and description of each item. This document helps verify the goods during customs clearance and ensures that all items are recorded during transportation. - Certificate of Origin
A certificate of origin proves the country in which the goods were manufactured. Customs authorities need this certificate to determine the duties and taxes applicable to the shipment. This document is especially important for goods that receive preferential tariff rates under trade agreements.
Common trade terms for ocean freight
| Incoterm | Seller’s Responsibility | Buyer’s Responsibility | Risk Transfer Point |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Make goods available at premises | All transportation, insurance, import duties | At the seller’s premises |
| FOB | Deliver goods on board vessel | Shipping, insurance from loading onward | After cargo is loaded |
| CIF | Shipping to port, insurance | Import duties, further transportation | After cargo is loaded |
| DDP | All costs, including duties | None until delivery | At the buyer’s specified |
Choosing the right Incoterms ensures that the shipping process is smooth, efficient, and meets your specific needs and capabilities.
Ubest Shipping: Your trusted Chinese freight forwarder
As a leading freight forwarding company in China, Ubest Shipping has established a strong global network and strategic partnerships to provide seamless and reliable shipping services. The strength of the Ubest Shipping network lies in its comprehensive coverage of major shipping routes and partnerships with top international shipping companies. Here are the details of Ubest Shipping’s network and partnerships:
- Global Logistics Network: Ubest Shipping has a global logistics network covering the five oceans, providing extensive coverage for shipping services. This vast network enables the company to connect Chinese ports such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Ningbo and Qingdao with destinations around the world.
- Partnerships with Top Shipping Companies: Ubest Shipping has established strategic partnerships with more than 30 top international shipping companies. These partners include MAERSK, MSC, COSCO, APL, CMA, ONE, EMC, HMM, HPL and other well-known companies in the industry. These partnerships enable Ubest Shipping to directly and effectively control space allocation, ensuring competitive tariffs and optimal routes for customers.
- Space Guarantee Commitment: Through partnerships, Ubest Shipping can provide a Space Guarantee Commitment to ensure the availability of equipment and vessel space.
- Intermodal Door-to-Door Services: Ubest Shipping offers intermodal door-to-door solutions that go beyond ocean freight services. This integrated approach covers the entire logistics chain, from coordinating pickup and delivery to managing shipping documents and providing ongoing service support.
- Specialized Services: Ubest Shipping is able to provide specialized services for a variety of cargo types, including automotive, refrigerated cargo, and dangerous goods. These services are tailored to meet the specific requirements and challenges of different types of cargo.
- Insurance Solutions: Ubest Shipping offers shipping insurance solutions to provide additional security and protection for cargo during transportation. This ensures that customers’ cargo is fully covered, thereby reducing potential risks.
- Documentation and Customs Clearance: Ubest Shipping offers expertise in document preparation and customs clearance. Understanding the regulatory requirements of different countries is a key aspect of international shipping, and Ubest Shipping is well-equipped to handle these complexities.